SIXTH NOUN: LOCATIVE/PREPOSITIONAL

Topics: cases 
Keywords: Amazing Russian  Russian grammar  О русском по-русски  Diana Lipsky  Live Russian 

The sixth noun, in Russian предложный падеж, is for most students the first one they learn. The reason is simple: the sixth grammatical case itself is.


Here (only) about usage; conjugations in a subsequent section, though you will inevitably encounter them below.

Location

The main use of the sixth noun is to designate a place - the name “locative” already indicates it, most other uses flow from it. In the park (парк), on the street (улица), in Moscow (Москва): в парке, на улице, в Москве. This also changes place names that are not Russian at all. In Amsterdam: в Амстердаме. They may not like that in Amsterdam, but that’s how it is.

‘Place’ is not just understood geographically. In class (урок), in the clouds (облака), in panic (паника): на уроке, в облаках, в панике.


Prepositional Case: Introduction
(Amazing Russian, 2020, 18 m)

Amazing Olga has a whole playlist prepositional case.

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In and on (в and на)

The sixth case is the only one that never occurs without a preposition. Hence предложный падеж, hence prepositional case (предлог and preposition both mean preposition). Usually in or on, in Russian в and на. В in the case of a bounded whole or enclosed space, на in other cases. Therefore в офисе (in the office), and на работе (at work). На заборах (see image): on fences. Пишут правду: does one write the truth.

Both prepositions can also indicate direction. Then no sixth case but the fourth. В Америку: to America. На работу: to work.


Russian Cases – Usage of the Prepositional
(Russian grammar, 2013, 1 m)



De в wordt во wanneer de uitspraak (of uitspreekbaarheid) erom vraagt, Zoals in
in Frankrijk (Франция):во Франции.
in de zin (фраза): во фразе.
in alles (все): во всех. in een droom/slaap (сон): во сне.


Предлоги В, ВО и НА. Предложный падеж || Падежи и предлоги (О русском по-русски, 2019, 11 m)



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About (о, об, обо)

Sixth noun also to say “about,” usually with the preposition o (to, about). In sentences like:
He thinks about her/him: он думает о ней/нём.
I’m talking about it (lit.: I’m talking about it): я говорю об этом.
We are thinking about it: мы думаем об этом.
I dream about you: я мечтаю о тебе.

Prepositional. Part 1. About whom? About what? | Russian cases
(Diana Lipsky, 2021, 13 m)



The о becomes об when the following word begins with one of the letters а, о, и, у, э.
The об becomes a обо in, for example, обо мне (about me), as in: что ты знаешь обо мне - what do you know about/about me.

Also a обо in: обо всём (about everything) and обо всех (about everyone). And for что, что-то, что-либо, что-нибудь, всё, весь, всякий, многий.

Instead of о/об/обо, про is also used (especially in colloquial language) to say “about. After that про follows not the sixth but the fourth case.

The fourth case can also follow об. It then means ‘against’ or ‘at’ and expresses direction. As in: ударить об стену (hitting the wall, hitting the wall).


Russian prepositions О and ПРО (Difference)
(Live Russian, 2019, 7 m)



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Playing and playing

We say: she plays the guitar, he plays the piano. Or: on the guitar, on the piano. In Russian, this needs a preposition in both cases. На (on) with the verb играть. Она играет на гитаре, он играет на пианино.

Is it about playing with toys, a game or sports, играть with в plus fourth noun: играть в футбол (playing soccer), играть в шахматы (playing chess), играть в карты (playing cards), играть в игру (playing a game). In the accusative, only the feminine игра, changes to **игр



Clothes

Those who wear clothes are in those clothes. Sixth noun thus.
In a suit (suit): in a suit.
In skirt (skirt): in skirt.
In red T-shirt (red T-shirt): in a red T-shirt.
In black shirt (black shirt): in a black shirt.


Prepositional Case: What Clothes Someone Has on: Кто в чём?
(Amazing Russian, 2017, 9 m)



Period.

Sixth noun for a placement in time.
This week (week): this week.
Next month (month): next month.
Last year (year): last year.


See



Transport

Sixth noun also to indicate how to get to location.
With/on a bicycle (велосипед): на велосипеде.
By car (машина): на машине.
By train (поезд): на поезде.
By plane (самолёт): на самолёте.
You can also express “by plane” (in the sense of: by means of, per) with one word, in the fifth noun: самолётом.


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